Tsunamis, hurricanes, earthquakes, floods... In the face of these increasingly intense natural hazards, one priority is essential: prevention rather than suffering.
That's what Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is all about. But what is really behind this concept?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The response is based on 4 key areas that enable us to take global and coherent action. These areas are part of an international reference framework: the Sendai framework<\/a> for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030), a 15-year global agreement to reduce, prevent and respond to disaster risk worldwide. This framework was adopted by the Member States of the United Nations at the Third United Nations World Conference in March 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Priority 1: Understanding disaster risk<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n Understanding and knowledge of natural hazards<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Before we can protect ourselves, we need to understand what we are exposed to. What is a natural hazard? Where are the flood zones? What is the hurricane season? What are the risks of erosion or marine submersion? Who are the most vulnerable people and property? What are the capacities of the State, a community and\/or individuals to reduce and cope with risks?<\/p>\n\n\n\n This knowledge can be used to carry out pre-disaster risk assessments, take preventive and mitigation measures, and develop and implement appropriate disaster preparedness and response arrangements. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Get informed<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Collecting and sharing data<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Gathering scientific data, information on natural hazards and data on losses, and disseminating it to decision-makers, the general public and disaster-prone populations, helps to improve our knowledge of risks so that we can reduce them effectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Promoting concerted action in partnership with scientific and technological players, academics and the private sector helps to disseminate and share best practice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Priority No. 2: Strengthen disaster risk governance to manage risk more effectively<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Governance is the way in which the authorities organise, decide and act to protect the population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n This means strengthening the legislative and regulatory frameworks and public policies in each sector (e.g. town planning, environment, health, agriculture, education, etc.), providing guidelines for disaster preparedness and prevention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Effective governance also relies on multi-stakeholder coordination: this ensures that each stakeholder is aware of its role and responsibilities in disaster risk reduction, and ensures coherence in planning, and the development of tools and actions . <\/p>\n\n\n\n Their role is to organise preparedness, early warning, coordination of emergency response and strategic planning for risk reduction at national level. They work closely with technical ministries, local authorities and community organisations. <\/p>\n\n\n\n These structures are often supported by regional partners such as the Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA)<\/a>, which is strengthening regional coordination and the pooling of resources through its integrated risk management strategy (Comprehensive Disaster Management). <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Resources :<\/em> NEMO st Lucia<\/em><\/a>, <\/em>NEMO St Vincent and the grenadines<\/em><\/a>s, <\/em>NEMA<\/em><\/a>, <\/em>NaDMA<\/em><\/a>, <\/em>ODM<\/em><\/a>, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Priority 3: Invest in disaster risk reduction to strengthen resilience<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Monitoring, forecasting and warning<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Phenomena monitoring systems (meteorological, seismic, volcanic, etc.) are designed to anticipate an event so that early warnings can be issued to the population and crisis management prepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Preventive information and public education<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Informing, educating and involving citizens to put them back at the heart of the action. Preventive information enables each individual to take responsibility for their own safety, by understanding the threats they face and how to deal with them. The Caribbean Risks portal provides a central source of information, making it accessible and understandable so that everyone can make informed decisions at the right time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n resources: Trini campaign; par\u00e9 pa par\u00e9 page; risk testimonial page<\/p>\n\n\n\n Risk reduction <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Public and individual investment is vital to save lives, prevent and reduce material losses, and ensure effective recovery and rehabilitation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Act directly on the vulnerability of existing issues by reinforcing collective and individual action to strengthen the economic, social, health and cultural resilience of people, communities, countries and their assets, and preserve the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n For example, seismic reinforcement work or the clearing of undergrowth in wooded areas can be initiated. Some of the individual actions benefit from special financial assistance (ask your local authority for details) <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n resource: the barnier fund subsidises measures to prevent or protect people and property exposed to major natural risks<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Taking risks into account in urban planning<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n We can't prevent a cyclone or an earthquake from happening... but we can limit the consequences. One of the most effective ways? Incorporating risk into the way we build our infrastructure. This involves controlled urban development that takes hazard maps into account, prohibits certain types of construction in hazardous areas, or imposes specific standards to reinforce buildings at risk. Resource: Risk Prevention Plans (PPR) regulate land use according to the level of exposure<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Priority No. 4: Improve disaster preparedness to respond effectively and rebuild better\u00ab<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Preparation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n When disaster strikes, every second counts. You have to react quickly, in a coordinated and effective way. That's what this pillar is all about, with the implementation of emergency plans, the training of emergency services, the organisation of simulations and the deployment of early warning systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n resources: safety plan; community safety plan <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Post-crisis management and feedback<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n A disaster does not stop once the alert has been lifted. We have to rebuild, support those affected and, above all, learn from what has happened. This pillar is based on the idea of \u00abBuild Back Better\u00bb: rebuilding differently, reducing the risks for the future. Every disaster is a lesson. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n And what can we do?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Source :\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n https:\/\/www.ineris.fr\/fr\/risques\/est-risque\/politiques-environnementales-risques\/7-principes-prevention-risques-majeurs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n https:\/\/www.iom.int\/fr\/cadre-de-sendai-pour-la-reduction-des-risques-de-catastrophe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Tsunamis, ouragans, s\u00e9ismes, inondations\u2026 Face \u00e0 ces al\u00e9as naturels de plus en plus intenses, une priorit\u00e9 s\u2019impose : pr\u00e9venir plut\u00f4t que subir. La r\u00e9ponse repose sur 4 axes qui permettent d\u2019agir de mani\u00e8re globale et coh\u00e9rente. Ces axes s\u2019inscrivent au niveau international dans un cadre de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence : le Cadre de Sendai<\/a> pour la r\u00e9duction des risques de catastrophe (2015\u20132030), accord mondial de 15 ans visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire et \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir les risques de catastrophe dans le monde entier et \u00e0 y faire face. Ce cadre a \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9 par les \u00c9tats membres des Nations Unies lors de la troisi\u00e8me Conf\u00e9rence mondiale des Nations Unies en mars 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n Priorit\u00e9 n\u00b01 : comprendre les risques de catastrophe<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n La compr\u00e9hension et la connaissance des risques naturels<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Avant de pouvoir se prot\u00e9ger, il faut comprendre ce \u00e0 quoi on est expos\u00e9. Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019un al\u00e9a naturel ? O\u00f9 se trouvent les zones inondables ? Quelle est la p\u00e9riode cyclonique ? Quels sont les risques d\u2019\u00e9rosion ou de submersion marine ? Qui sont les personnes et les biens les plus vuln\u00e9rables? Quelles sont les capacit\u00e9s de l\u2019Etat, d\u2019une communaut\u00e9 et\/ou des individus pour se r\u00e9duire et faire face aux risques?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ces connaissances peuvent \u00eatre exploit\u00e9es pour proc\u00e9der \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9valuation des risques avant la catastrophe, prendre des mesures de pr\u00e9vention et d'att\u00e9nuation, \u00e9laborer et mettre en \u0153uvre des dispositifs appropri\u00e9s de pr\u00e9paration et d\u2019intervention en cas de catastrophe. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Je m'informe<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n La collecte et le partage les donn\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Le recueil des donn\u00e9es scientifiques, des informations relatives aux risques naturels, des donn\u00e9es relatives aux pertes et leur diffusion aupr\u00e8s des d\u00e9cideurs, du grand public et des populations expos\u00e9es aux catastrophes, permet de mieux conna\u00eetre les risques pour pouvoir les r\u00e9duire efficacement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n La promotion de l\u2019action concert\u00e9e men\u00e9e en partenariat avec les acteurs scientifiques et technologiques, les universitaires et le secteur priv\u00e9, contribue \u00e0 la diffusion et la mise en commun des bonnes pratiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Priorit\u00e9 n\u00b02 : renforcer la gouvernance des risques de catastrophe pour mieux les g\u00e9rer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n La gouvernance, c\u2019est la mani\u00e8re dont les autorit\u00e9s organisent, d\u00e9cident et agissent pour prot\u00e9ger la population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cela implique de renforcer les cadres l\u00e9gislatifs et r\u00e9glementaires, et les politiques publiques dans chaque secteur (ex. urbanisme, environnement, sant\u00e9, agriculture, \u00e9ducation\u2026), en donnant des orientations pour la pr\u00e9paration et la pr\u00e9vention des catastrophes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Une gouvernance efficace repose aussi sur une coordination multi-acteurs : elle garantit que chaque acteur conna\u00eet son r\u00f4le et ses responsabilit\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9duction des risques de catastrophe, et assure une coh\u00e9rence dans la planification, et le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019outils et d\u2019actions .. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Elles ont pour mission d\u2019organiser la pr\u00e9paration, l\u2019alerte pr\u00e9coce, la coordination de l\u2019intervention d\u2019urgence, ainsi que la planification strat\u00e9gique de la r\u00e9duction des risques \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale. Elles travaillent en lien \u00e9troit avec les minist\u00e8res techniques, les autorit\u00e9s locales, et les organisations communautaires. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ces structures sont souvent appuy\u00e9es par des partenaires r\u00e9gionaux comme la Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA)<\/a>, qui renforce la coordination r\u00e9gionale et la mutualisation des moyens \u00e0 travers sa strat\u00e9gie de gestion int\u00e9gr\u00e9e des risques (Comprehensive Disaster Management). <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ressources :<\/em> NEMO st Lucia<\/em><\/a>, <\/em>NEMO St Vincent et les grenadine<\/em><\/a>s, <\/em>NEMA<\/em><\/a>, <\/em>NaDMA<\/em><\/a>, <\/em>ODM<\/em><\/a>, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Priorit\u00e9 n\u00b03 : investir dans la r\u00e9duction des risques de catastrophe pour renforcer la r\u00e9silience<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n La surveillance, la pr\u00e9vision et l\u2019alerte<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Des syst\u00e8mes de surveillance (m\u00e9t\u00e9orologique, sismique, volcanique, etc) des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes ont pour objectif d\u2019anticiper un \u00e9v\u00e9nement pour diffuser une alerte rapidement \u00e0 la la population et pr\u00e9parer la gestion de crise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u2019information pr\u00e9ventive et l\u2019\u00e9ducation des populations<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Informer, \u00e9duquer, impliquer afin de remettre les citoyens au c\u0153ur de l\u2019action. L\u2019information pr\u00e9ventive permet \u00e0 chaque individu d\u2019\u00eatre acteur de sa propre s\u00e9curit\u00e9, en comprenant les menaces qui le concernent et les moyens d\u2019y faire face. S\u2019informer soit m\u00eame afin de construire sa culture du risque, c\u2019est ce que propose le portail Caribbean Risks qui centralise l\u2019information, la rend accessible et compr\u00e9hensible pour permettre \u00e0 chacun de prendre des d\u00e9cisions \u00e9clair\u00e9es, au bon moment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n ressource : campagne de Trini ; page par\u00e9 pa par\u00e9 ; page t\u00e9moignage de risque<\/p>\n\n\n\n La r\u00e9duction des risques <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Les investissements publics et individuels sont capitales pour sauver des vies, pr\u00e9venir et r\u00e9duire les pertes mat\u00e9rielles, et garantir un rel\u00e8vement et une r\u00e9habilitation efficaces. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Agir directement sur la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des enjeux existants en renfor\u00e7ant \u00e0 titre collectif et individuel pour renforcer la r\u00e9silience \u00e9conomique, sociale, sanitaire et culturelle des personnes, des collectivit\u00e9s, des pays et de leurs biens, et pr\u00e9server l\u2019environnement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Par exemple, des travaux de renforcement parasismique ou de d\u00e9broussaillement en zones bois\u00e9es peuvent \u00eatre initi\u00e9s. Certaines des actions individuelles b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019aides financi\u00e8res particuli\u00e8res (n'h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 vous renseigner aupr\u00e8s de votre collectivit\u00e9) <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n ressource : le fond barnier subventionne des mesures de pr\u00e9vention ou de protection des personnes et des biens expos\u00e9s aux risques naturels majeurs<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n La prise en compte des risques dans l\u2019urbanisme<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n On ne peut pas emp\u00eacher un cyclone ou un s\u00e9isme de survenir\u2026 mais on peut en limiter les cons\u00e9quences. L\u2019un des moyens les plus efficaces ? Int\u00e9grer les risques dans la mani\u00e8re dont on construit nos infrastructures. Cela passe par une urbanisation ma\u00eetris\u00e9e, qui tient compte des cartes d\u2019al\u00e9as, interdit certaines constructions en zones dangereuses, ou impose des normes sp\u00e9cifiques pour renforcer les b\u00e2timents expos\u00e9s. Ressource : Plans de Pr\u00e9vention des Risques (PPR) r\u00e8glemente l\u2019utilisation des sols selon le niveau d\u2019exposition<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Priorit\u00e9 n\u00b04 : am\u00e9liorer la pr\u00e9paration aux catastrophes pour intervenir de mani\u00e8re efficace et pour \u00ab mieux reconstruire \u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n La pr\u00e9paration<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Quand une catastrophe survient, chaque seconde compte. Il faut r\u00e9agir vite, de mani\u00e8re coordonn\u00e9e et efficace. C\u2019est tout l\u2019enjeu de ce pilier, qui regroupe la mise en place de plans d\u2019urgence, la formation des secours, l\u2019organisation de simulations, ou encore le d\u00e9ploiement de syst\u00e8mes d\u2019alerte pr\u00e9coce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n ressource: plan de mise en s\u00fbret\u00e9 ; plan communal de sauvegarde <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n La gestion de l\u2019apr\u00e8s-crise et le retour d\u2019exp\u00e9rience<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Une catastrophe ne s\u2019arr\u00eate pas une fois l\u2019alerte lev\u00e9e. Il faut reconstruire, soutenir les sinistr\u00e9s, et surtout tirer les le\u00e7ons de ce qui s\u2019est pass\u00e9. Ce pilier repose sur l\u2019id\u00e9e de \"Build Back Better\" : reb\u00e2tir diff\u00e9remment, en r\u00e9duisant les risques pour l\u2019avenir. Chaque catastrophe est une le\u00e7on. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Et nous, que pouvons-nous faire ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Source :\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nIn the Caribbean, there are national disaster risk management agencies (don't hesitate to ask around to find a national agency in your area, or visit the initiatives in my area<\/em>) whose names vary according to the territory, but whose functions remain similar. <\/h4>\n\n\n\n
But it also means protecting natural ecosystems such as mangroves, coral reefs and forests, which act as natural barriers against disasters. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
This means analysing events, understanding what worked and what didn't, identifying shortcomings, gathering testimonies... and implementing corrective measures. This process, known as feedback<\/em> (or REX), helps to improve the safety of people and the resilience of territories, and to reduce the human, economic and environmental impact of future crises.
By reinforcing the collective memory of risk, it contributes to a dynamic of continuous learning, in the service of prevention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
C\u2019est tout l\u2019enjeu de la R\u00e9duction des Risques de Catastrophe (RRC). Mais que se cache-t-il vraiment derri\u00e8re cette notion ?<\/p>\n\n\n\nDans la Cara\u00efbe, il existe des agences nationales de gestion de risque de catastrophe (n'h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 vous renseigner afin de trouver une agence nationale sur votre territoire ou rendez-vous sur la rubrique les initiatives sur mon territoire<\/em>) dont le nom varie selon les territoires, mais dont les fonctions restent similaires. <\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Mais cela signifie aussi prot\u00e9ger les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes naturels comme les mangroves, les r\u00e9cifs coralliens ou les for\u00eats, qui jouent un r\u00f4le de barri\u00e8re naturelle face aux catastrophes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cela signifie analyser les \u00e9v\u00e9nements, comprendre ce qui a fonctionn\u00e9 ou non, identifier les failles, recueillir les t\u00e9moignages\u2026 et mettre en place des mesures correctives. Cette d\u00e9marche, appel\u00e9e retour d\u2019exp\u00e9rience<\/em> (ou REX), permet d\u2019am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des personnes, la r\u00e9silience des territoires, et de r\u00e9duire les impacts humains, \u00e9conomiques et environnementaux des futures crises.
En renfor\u00e7ant la m\u00e9moire collective du risque, elle participe \u00e0 une dynamique d\u2019apprentissage continue, au service de la pr\u00e9vention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n